Exploring multiple methods of centrifuge centrifugation in a laboratory

Laboratory centrifuge separation method is different, and the application is not the same.

1. Differential centrifugation: Many bioactive macromolecules and subcellular organelles are unstable and require low-temperature high-speed centrifugation. The most common method is differential centrifugation. After centrifugation, the supernatant is poured out and the precipitate is separated. The separated supernatant is then centrifuged at a higher speed to separate the second part of the precipitate, so that the rotation speed is continuously increased and the desired substances are separated step by step. This method can effectively separate particles with large differences in size, but can not separate particles of similar size, and the separated components are often non-uniform, mixed with other types of particles.

2. Zone centrifugation: It can be divided into two types: velocity zone centrifugation and isodensity velocity zone centrifugation.

1) Velocity zone centrifugation: This is to place a small amount of suspension on a gentle density gradient and use this gradient to stabilize the sedimentation of the particles. Due to centrifugation, the particles move away from the initial zone, and the speed of the movement is determined by the size, shape, and centrifugal force of the laboratory centrifuge they are subjected to. After centrifuging for a period of time, the various granules will move in accordance with their relative velocities and separate into a series of zones. In this way we can use particles with a settling velocity difference of 20% or more.

2) Iso-density zone centrifugation: This is the suspension of the particles to be separated onto the density gradient, or the particles are actually dissolved in a gradient solution. By centrifugation, the particles either float or sink to the same density as their own liquid where they have no weight and no matter how long it takes to centrifuge, they do not move anymore. These particles can become a series of zones, each in its own density zone. Therefore, this is a method for separating the particle size using the particle floating density. The medium used is usually cesium chloride (Cscl) and barium sulfate (Cs2SO4). The former is suitable for DNA isolation and the latter is suitable for RNA isolation. Compared with the rate centrifugation method, this method has a major drawback. During centrifugation, the particles are inevitably exposed to a high concentration of gradient solution, causing partial damage to the particles and possible damage to the particles. Some extra zones

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