Humans have used mineral resources for thousands of years, such as the exploitation and utilization of natural gold , natural copper , talc , and cinnabar. In the early days, due to the overall backwardness of science and technology, low social productivity and low demand for mineral resources, the mineral resources used by humans were mainly obtained from natural ore by manual work. Such as gold mining, artificial chute, washing tank and other original re-election methods. Later, as the goose feather sticky oil scraped the gold powder floating on the water surface, it evolved into an early flotation technique. In ancient China, the original re-election and flotation were summarized as “Cheng, Amoy, Fly, and Fall†(Figure 1). Although these manual operations have the shadow of modern “surface flotation†and “re-electionâ€, they are not an industrial technology. Figure 1 Schematic diagram of ancient mineral processing technology From the end of the 19th century to the 1920s, the rapid development of industrial production in the world, the increasing demand for mineral raw materials, and the promotion of the industrial revolution in the 18th century made mechanization possible. It has created a real transformation of "mineralization" technology from manual work to industrial technology. Most of the modern beneficiation processes and equipment belong to the technological inventions of this period, such as crushers , ball mills , mechanical classifiers, flotation processes and equipment. Especially in the early 1920s, the industrial application of xanthate and black medicine in flotation sulfide ore allowed the beneficiation technology (including crushing, screening, grinding, re-election, electric selection, magnetic separation, flotation, etc.) to handle large Part of natural mineral raw materials. Since then, mineral processing technology has become a mature industrial technology for humans to sort and enrich useful mineral raw materials from natural ore, and has been widely used. China's mineral resources are abundant, but the ore grade is low and the composition is complex, which needs to be enriched by mineral processing. Figure 2 is the Dashan Concentrator of the Jiangxi Copper Group Dexing Copper Mine. Figure 2 Dashan Concentrator Mineral, also known as "mineral processing", using physical and chemical methods, of natural mineral resources (typically including metallic minerals, non-metallic minerals, coal, etc.) for sorting, separating, wherein the useful minerals enriched science and technology The purpose is to provide qualified mineral products for the metallurgical, chemical and other industries. Mineral processing is the most important part of the entire mineral production process and a key sector in mining companies. Generally, large-scale mining enterprises are resource-based enterprises that combine mining, selection and smelting. The ore dressing operation is generally divided into three stages, the ore preparation stage, the ore sorting stage and the post-selection product processing stage. (II) Introduction of Leipzitang mineral processing technology The Leipzitang copper mine project adopts the “open-pit mining-broken heap leaching-extraction-electrowinning†process. The beneficiation process is relatively simple, and only the first stage of ore dressing is the ore preparation stage. Specifically, it is rotated and crushed and transported by belt to the intermediate pile, and then transferred to the piler. Broken section The semi-mobile crushing station in the crushing system is a CSH heavy-duty crusher, model PXZ-1500II (Fig. 3), with a treatment capacity of 3500-4500t/h and a daily processing ore volume of 92kt/d. The gyratory crusher is a large-scale crushing machine that uses crushing motion of the crushing cone in the cone cavity of the casing to produce extrusion, splitting and bending of the material, and coarse crushing of ore or rock of various hardnesses. Figure 1 PXZ-1500II gyratory crusher 2. Intermediate heap The ore from the pick-up car is fed to the gyratory crusher for crushing. The crushed ore is transported to the middle of the surface pile by the coarse-crush belt conveyor (Figure 2). The intermediate ore heap is used to ensure the continuity of the production process between the crushing system and the external transportation and internal processes. Intermediate ore heap can store about 100kt, with a lower iron sheet feeder and feeder, to meet the uniform feeding transport belt. Figure 2 Intermediate heap 3. Belt transport system Belt conveyors are widely used transportation equipment in the mining industry (Figure 3). The crushed material is transferred to the MT41 belt conveyor through the belt conveyor installed in the lower part of the crusher to the MT41 belt conveyor, and the first round is discharged to the intermediate pile. The material enters the MP01 and MP02 belt conveyor from the intermediate mine dump, through the heavy iron feeder and vibrating feeder, and then transfers the material to the MT72 and MT76 belt conveyor through the lower mine funnel, and then transfers the material to MT21. The tape machine, the MT21 tape machine transports the material to the MT22 tape machine, and then feeds the MT24 and MT25 tape conveyors by the two-way funnel. Figure 3 belt transport system 4. Cloth machine The spreader is a stacking device for bulk materials. Each set of equipment includes self-moving bridge type stacker, displaceable belt conveyor, crawler unloader, climbing belt machine and other major equipment, as well as auxiliary equipment such as equipment shifting vehicles, material transport vehicles and bulldozers. The fabric machine adopts the receding fabric, and the height of the pile is 6m. When the fabric is retracted to the last 90m, the height of the fabric is increased to 8m, forming a stack of 8m high to the last 30m. Figure 4 cloth machine At present, the project of the crushing of the Mengyuwalaibitang copper mine project in Myanmar to the distribution machine is expected to be completed by the end of January 2016. In addition, the equipment single-machine test is scheduled to be completed in December 2015, and the equipment linkage test will be completed in January 2016. The problems that occurred during the single-machine test are undergoing relevant rectification. From the situation of the site, the conditions for load-linked test can be available in February.
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Leipziang project process beneficiation
(I) Introduction to the development of mineral processing technology