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Shared bicycle electronic fence technology use research report
The reason that shared bicycles, together with China's high-speed rail, Alipay and online shopping, has been called by the foreigners as one of China's four new inventions is that it has solved the problem of people's last kilometer travel in a green and efficient way. Compared to the original "shared bicycles" with piles, the number of "shared bicycles" that are "without parking" has reached tens of millions of vehicles in a short period of several years, which is loved by the general public. The reason is the convenience brought by the freedom of "stopping and releasing".
However, freedom and management are a unity of opposites. When the “stop and go†system lacks management, it becomes a mess, which not only brings great inconvenience to managers and others, but also brings with operators. This is a big problem (the current standard is that 50 managers will be needed for each 10,000 shared bikes to be put on the market), which will eventually bring real problems to the users (cannot find cars, and increase the cost of using them). ).
How to solve this problem has become a problem for shared bicycle operators and local governments. Due to the important role played by bicycle sharing, the country has also regarded this issue as a major issue and asked local governments to make great efforts to solve this problem. At present, among all feasible solutions, electronic fence technology has become the first choice for everyone. The competition among operators seems to be mainly focused on the competition of electronic fence technology. At present, all major cities and operators in the country are accelerating the research and use of electronic fence technology. Among them, GPS electronic fence technology has many problems because of its existence, and therefore did not get everyone's favor, and Bluetooth electronic tag technology program has become a popular object because of its high feasibility. Below we briefly explain several current electronic fence technologies and their use.
2. Introduction and analysis of existing shared bicycle electronic fence technology
2.1 Principles - Regardless of which technology is used, the following basic requirements must be met: it will have real vitality and potential for application promotion:
A. There are enough parking spots to facilitate parking in order to preserve the vitality of the “freedom of parking†of shared bicycles. It is therefore necessary to:
1) Low cost, simple installation and maintenance (no power supply, no ground breaking), and increased municipal burden
2) Users can monitor the use of the situation, parking through rewards and punishments.
II Compatible with various bicycles that have been put on the market without causing additional burden on operators
Three municipal management can obtain bicycle usage data (real-time parking and use of traffic data)
Fourth, it helps to reduce the operator's manufacturing costs and operating costs
2.2 Brief description - There are several types of shared bicycle electronic fence technology currently being piloted:
(1) The electronic fence based on the GPS technology is being piloted in Tongzhou, Beijing;
(2) Read the electronic fence of the Bluetooth tag on the car using a Bluetooth read-write device that is permanently installed at the parking spot, and it is being piloted in Chaoyang District, Beijing;
(Beijing's Dongcheng District is more inclusive and uses both of the above electronic fences.)
(3) Use the Bluetooth reading and writing device of the car lock to read the electronic fence of the Bluetooth tag fixedly installed at the parking point (represented by a small car, which is being piloted in Shanghai, Guangdong, etc.);
(4) West Valley Project - Enables users to read bluetooth electronic tag IDs from mobile phone Bluetooth, and reads the electronic fence of Bluetooth tags on the car. (Technology verification and testing has been completed, testing of company operations in Beijing is being conducted), and is planned to be Chengdu cooperated with the Communications Commission to discuss the mode of operation and management that was implemented through the government's unified deployment. It was hoped that it would be fully used in Chengdu and then promoted to the whole country.
2.3 Details - Description of specific working methods for various electronic fence technologies
(1) Electronic fence based on GPS (Global Positioning Technology):
At present, there are only a few places in use, including the test situation in Tongzhou, Beijing described in Annex 1. In general, there are many problems and few positive reports.
In this method, a GPS module and a mobile network terminal are installed in the shared bicycle lock, which is connected to a background network. Using the general GPS positioning method, the parking spot of the bicycle is limited to a certain range near the predetermined parking point on the map. The problem of adopting this method is that, besides inaccurate positioning (especially in the environment with many urban buildings or indoors), the vehicle lock uses GPS and mobile network terminals to transmit information to the backstage management platform and consumes a large amount of electric energy. Therefore, the power supply of the lock is a big problem, but also to pay (mobile network traffic costs).
(2) Reading the electronic fence of the car bluetooth tag using a Bluetooth reading and writing device fixedly installed at the parking spot
As shown in the figure below, this method is to dig two pits underground, and a small pit is equipped with a Bluetooth reader (see the silver-gray box in the figure) for reading a Bluetooth device sharing a bicycle within its signal coverage ( Including the Bluetooth module in the car lock or the Bluetooth tag on the outside - controls the parking of the shared bicycle by controlling the communication distance between the Bluetooth reader and the Bluetooth tag on the car (the built-in Bluetooth module of the car lock or the Bluetooth tag on the outside of the car body) Range; another “Tail†houses a gateway device for connecting small boxes of Bluetooth readers and mobile communication networks, as well as large power supply batteries or power lines connected to mains (see green in the diagram). The box of the cover), the gateway device in the pit then transmits the information of the read Bluetooth tag to the background management platform through the mobile communication network to realize the standardized management of the parking of the vehicle.
This method has too many problems. It not only involves large investment, but also has high installation and maintenance costs. It requires digging pits and power supply. It also requires theft prevention. It is very troublesome. It takes the government to spend a lot of money to achieve it.
(3) Use the Bluetooth reading and writing device of the car lock to read the electronic fence of the Bluetooth tag fixedly installed at the parking point, represented by a small singing car, and is currently piloting in places like Shanghai and Guangdong;
The electronic fence is erected with a signpost at the parking point. An electronic tag similar to the Bluetooth i-beacon is installed on the rod body and periodically transmits the ID signal. The ID represents the specific point of the parking spot on the map. position. In the Bluetooth car lock, a Bluetooth tag reader is installed to control the parking range of the shared bicycle by adjusting the communication distance between the Bluetooth tag reader in the car lock and the Bluetooth i-Beacon tag at the parking point. Cycling parking management.
The advantage of this method is that, in addition to excavating poles, no external power supply is required, and maintenance is simple.
However, the disadvantage is that the Bluetooth reader installed in the shared bicycle lock and the network terminal that transmits information to the back-end management platform will consume more power, and therefore must use a large battery and frequently replace it, which not only increases the The manufacturing cost of bicycle locks also increases the operating cost of bicycles. In addition, the sharing point of the bicycle in the city is often a long strip. It is difficult to control the coverage shape of the signal range by only using a Bluetooth tag installed in a presentation bar, and if it is to reduce the positioning accuracy, the Bluetooth positioning tag is added. Multiple poles are needed, increasing costs and creating more problems. In addition, digging up the poles also involves the issue of municipal regulation in the city.
(4) West Valley program - user mobile Bluetooth read parking point Bluetooth electronic tags and car Bluetooth tag electronic fence
The West Valley scheme has the same principle as the above two methods (2) and (3). That is, by controlling the communication distance between the Bluetooth tag and the Bluetooth reader, the standardized management of the parking position of the shared bicycle is realized.
However, the unique advantages of the West Valley program are:
1) The Bluetooth tag reader is neither buried in the ground nor in the lock, but in the user's mobile phone, thus not only increasing the burden of municipal administration, but also not increasing the burden on the operator; 2) Bluetooth tag It sticks directly to the surface of the parking spot, so it does not need to dig the pit poles. It is simple and convenient and cost-effective. It can set enough parking spots to maximize the maximum advantage and vitality of the “free parking†of shared bicycles; The practice is compatible with existing operators of various bicycles that have been put on the market. While regulating management, it not only does not increase any burden on operators, but also reduces operating costs and improves operational efficiency. 4) Simplified locks for operators ( Without charging), it has created the conditions to reduce costs and increase operational efficiency.
4.1 Install only one or a few maintenance-free ground-mounted Bluetooth tags (depending on the parking area shape and positioning accuracy requirements) at the parking spot. There are two obvious advantages to this approach:
- First, the installation and deployment are extremely convenient, without breaking the ground, no poles, and one can be installed in two minutes, which is similar to the spikes attached to the road, facilitating the rapid and large-scale deployment and deployment;
- Second, the use of tag position positioning without GPS, without forcing the user to open the phone GPS led to user dislike.
4.2 The parking location information of the shared bicycle and the information for unlocking the car and parking the car are all transmitted to the backstage management platform through the user's mobile phone (see the attached figure below). That is, the user's mobile phone is used as the Bluetooth reader/writer. In this way, it is not necessary to install a network communication terminal module (such as a GPRS module in a Mobike lock) in a bicycle lock, or to install a Bluetooth tag reader fixed with a gateway at a parking point (as described above. Scheme (2) and Scheme (3)).
Notice: The competition is ultimately a competition of comprehensive costs! In particular, the government requires operators to have zero deposit vehicles. This undoubtedly puts pressure on shared bicycle operators who rely on deposits to operate! In this way, not only the use of parking spots The positioning of surface-mounted Bluetooth tags is very simple, and the Bluetooth module in the Bluetooth lock is just a low-power Bluetooth tag (rather than a complex Bluetooth reader), they do not require additional power, a simple Button batteries can be used for several years. This not only reduces the manufacturing cost of the entire system, including the lock and positioning device, but also greatly reduces the operating costs of the entire system. This not only satisfies all the aforementioned requirements for the use of electronic fences in shared bicycles to achieve standardized parking management, but also provides an effective solution for all operators to further reduce costs.
4.3 When unlocking or parking the shared mobile phone, the user's mobile phone app must not only acquire unlocking information or lock-off information from the Bluetooth module in the Bluetooth lock according to [4.2], but also read the Bluetooth tag information deployed at the parking point. It is also transmitted to the back-end management platform, including to municipal administrative offices and shared bicycle operators. As a result, real-time accurate positioning of shared bicycles, user information tracking and management, and effective scheduling of real-time traffic information based on shared bicycle use are realized. .
4.4 With standardized positioning management, the situation of random parking and loss of vehicles will be greatly reduced. Operators no longer need to arrange a large number of manpower to search for bicycles that are parked indiscriminately. (Currently, there are 50 maintenance personnel as standard for every 10,000 bicycles. This is a very huge expenditure.) Of course, installing GPS modules in the locks becomes unnecessary. Individuals who are really interested in the theft of vehicles can't be solved even if they have installed a GPS module.
4.5 Chengdu West Valley has developed a complete set of solutions (including Bluetooth smart lock, matching mobile phone APP, and parking position control Bluetooth label). The following figure shows all devices involved in the electronic bicycle fence in West Valley: Bluetooth lock and positioning tag Bluetooth is a low-power bluetooth tag for interstitial short-range communications. All of them can be driven by button batteries. There is no need to replace the battery for several years. The system is simple, reliable, and the overall cost is very low! (The size of the car lock can also be Much smaller
4.6 For those bicycles that have been put on the market now, use the shared bike lock network module to upload locked car information, such as Mobike bicycles, you can continue to use the original bike locks without replacement, just add some reads to the existing APP. The code for locating the Bluetooth tag ID may be taken, and it is required to receive the ID information of the Bluetooth positioning tag of the parking spot within a limited time of receiving the locked car information directly uploaded through the car lock, so as to realize the control of the position of the locked car. For shared bicycles that use mechanical locks such as OFO, in addition to the above-mentioned code to increase the reading of the location tag ID in the existing APP, thereby increasing the positioning function, the best way is to replace the original mechanical lock for the Bluetooth smart lock program. Its benefits will be far greater than the cost of the existing locks and other various additional losses.
3. Conclusion:
Obviously, the Chengdu West Valley project is not only simple and practical, but also takes care of the near-term and long-term interests of all parties. A parking spot (calculated at a distance of 100 meters) can be found within a distance of 50 meters from the main urban area of ​​Chengdu City. The entire Chengdu city will be fully enclosed within the city and the total cost of all electronic fence systems will not exceed 20 million yuan. And its maintenance and management costs are also very low. The use of electronic fences will greatly reduce manual maintenance costs. According to the management requirements when electronic fences are not used, 10,000 shared bicycles currently require 50 maintenance personnel to calculate, Chengdu currently has about 800,000 shared bicycles, and maintenance personnel will reach 4000 people, per capita 3000 yuan / month, a total monthly expenditure of 12 million. Only this one benefit is enough to illustrate the problem.
Schedule: Comparison of several shared bicycle electronic fences
Report on the use of the original title shared bicycle electronic fence technology (The author of this article is Liao Yingcheng, chairman and chief scientist of Chengdu Xigu Shuguang Digital Technology Co., Ltd. and Sichuan West Grains Technology Co., Ltd.)