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· The key components of hydrogen fuel cells will reduce costs by relying on imported localization
On the morning of May 11, Premier Li Keqiang, accompanied by Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe, visited the Toyota Parts Company's related parts and components factory in Tomakomai City, Hokkaido. One of the projects that Premier Li Keqiang visited was Toyota's hydrogen fuel cell vehicle "MIRAI".
According to statistics, since the commercialization of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles in 2013 to the end of 2017, a total of 6,475 hydrogen fuel cell passenger cars have been sold worldwide, of which Toyota accounted for more than 75% of sales.
Toyota is the only one in hydrogen fuel cell passenger cars, and China's hydrogen fuel cell vehicles are the first in the commercial vehicle field. Last year, eight car companies including Dongfeng, Futian and Yutong produced a total of 1,272 hydrogen fuel cell commercial vehicles.
However, for a long time, the core technology of key components of hydrogen fuel cells has been dominated and monopolized by a few developed countries, and China mainly relies on imports.
"The majority of the catalysts of the 1272 vehicles are imported, and the membrane electrodes are almost all imported. The development of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles must not be hollowed out, and the industry must be implemented. Imports lead to high costs, but the cost of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles. Without falling, it will not be able to achieve industrial scale." On May 11, Wang Cheng, director of the Hydrogen Fuel Cell Laboratory at Tsinghua University, said in an interview with the 21st Century Business Herald.
Parts and components made a significant cost reduction
On May 10th, “2018 China International Hydrogen Energy and Fuel Cell and Hydrogen Station Equipment Exhibition†was opened at the China International Exhibition Center (New Hall) in Beijing. More than 500 companies from more than 30 countries and regions participated in the exhibition. The main exhibitors are hydrogen fuel cell upstream enterprises, including hydrogen production bottles, electric reactors, membrane electrodes, bipolar plates and other parts and components enterprises.
With the promotion and support of relevant national policies, China has initially formed an industrial chain in the key materials of hydrogen fuel cells, but the gap in technology maturity is large.
"At present, most of the hydrogen fuel cell vehicles loaded in China use foreign power reactors and technologies, and the proportion is estimated to be over 70%." On May 11, Xie Jinshui, chief engineer of Wuhan Himalaya Optoelectronics Co., Ltd. told Reporter of the 21st Century Business Herald.
Therefore, only by encouraging the localization of fuel cell components, reducing dependence on imports, further reducing the cost of fuel cell engines, and making fuel cell vehicles reach or close to the cost of fuel vehicles, can hydrogen fuel cell vehicles become popular and intimate.
In 2015, Tsinghua University Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology and Wuhan Himalaya Optoelectronics Technology Co., Ltd. established the Fuel Cell Engineering Technology Center to jointly develop hydrogen fuel cell technology. After two years, the technology center has overcome the fuel cell catalyst mass production technology, as well as the research and development and process preparation of key materials such as membrane electrodes and bipolar plates, and realized the localization of key materials and components of hydrogen fuel cells.
It is reported that the only hydrogen fuel vehicle with independent core intellectual property rights in China has been successfully tested in Xianning, Hubei Province. The vehicle was jointly developed by Zhongzhi Group, Himalaya and Tsinghua University.
"The localization of key materials and components has reduced the cost by 50% to 80% compared with imported similar products. The quality and performance of some parts and components have been comparable to those of foreign countries. Not only has it completely broken the long-term foreign blockade of core technologies, but also To lay a foundation for accelerating the development of China's hydrogen energy industry," Wang Cheng said.
He believes that the cost reduction of hydrogen fuel cell commercial vehicles will significantly increase production capacity and R&D efficiency and increase corporate enthusiasm.
Commercialization faces many challenges
Among the three major technologies of new energy vehicles such as plug-in hybrid cars, pure electric vehicles, and fuel cell vehicles, hydrogen fuel cell vehicles are considered to be the most difficult to commercialize.
In October 2016, the “Technology Roadmap for Energy Saving and New Energy Vehicles†released by the China Automotive Engineering Annual Conference proposed that by 2020, 1,000 fuel cell vehicles will be produced and demonstration operations will be carried out; by 2025, hydrogen production and hydrogenation will be provided. The infrastructure is basically perfect, and the fuel cell vehicles will achieve small-scale operation in the region; by 2030, the sales volume of fuel vehicles will reach the level of one million vehicles.
The high price of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles, the construction of infrastructure such as hydrogen refueling stations, and the storage and transportation of hydrogen restrict the commercialization and marketization of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles.
“The problem of fuel cell facilities and cost makes it difficult for ordinary individual users to use it because it cannot find local hydrogenation. Therefore, the development of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles requires technological advancement and infrastructure support. No one can do it." On May 12, Zhu Jun, deputy director of the SAIC Group Technology Center, said.
Therefore, in the short to medium term, fuel cells are more suitable for commercial vehicles in certain scenarios, such as logistics vehicles, commuter vehicles, and official vehicles.
At present, there are only a dozen hydrogen refueling stations in operation in China, mainly in Beijing, Shanghai, Guangdong and other places. Moreover, the investment and construction cost of the hydrogen refueling station is extremely high, and a medium-sized hydrogen refueling station needs to invest at least 10 million yuan.
This requires the government to provide important support for the construction of hydrogen refueling stations, and local governments have introduced a series of subsidies. On April 12 this year, Foshan City, Guangdong Province issued the "Foshan Nanhai District to promote the construction of hydrogen refueling stations and hydrogen energy vehicle operation support (temporary)", will be "big hand" support for the construction and operation of hydrogen refueling stations. Among them, the construction of the new fixed hydrogen refueling station has a maximum subsidy of 8 million yuan, which is the largest subsidy in the hydrogenation station support policies implemented in various regions of the country.
In addition, the purchase of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles also enjoy financial subsidies. Moreover, according to the national new energy vehicle purchase subsidy policy, subsidies for hydrogen fuel cell vehicles will not decline until 2020. During the Guangzhou Auto Show last year, SAIC Chase launched the fuel cell wide-body light bus FCV80, with an official guide price of 1.3 million yuan. However, after the state subsidies 500,000 yuan and local subsidies of 500,000 yuan, the terminal price is only 300,000 yuan.
High subsidies are becoming an important driver of the commercialization of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles. However, although China's fuel cell vehicles have taken the lead in commercial vehicles, it will take longer for passenger cars to be promoted. "The market demand for hydrogen fuel cell vehicles has become clear, but it will take at least five years for large-scale mass production." On May 11, Professor Pu Pucheng from the Department of Automotive Engineering at Tsinghua University told reporters.