Water storage and tillage cultivation technology is the most important drought prevention and drought prevention measure in arid and dry areas. It is a set of effective soil cultivation measures such as tilling, flooding, flooding, flooding, and pressing to improve the structure of soil tillage and better contain rainwater. , Minimize soil evaporation and other non-productive soil water consumption, and create a coordinated soil environment with water, fertilizer, gas, and heat for crop growth and high-yield production. Tillage conservation includes three aspects: storage, harvesting, and conservation. It is an important measure for drought and drought relief in drought-stricken areas. The main technical contents include deep tillage, storage, flood protection, repression and levitation, intercropping, deep plowing, deep seeding and deep plowing. At the same time, adopting complementary measures such as drought-resistant varieties, scientific fertilization, and rational crop rotation have been used to achieve the purpose of drought resistance and yield increase. (1) Deep tillage 1 deep plowing time. Timely deep plowing is the key to rainwater reclamation. The time of deep plowing should be determined according to the farmland's water budget. It is generally advisable to carry it out in Futian and early autumn. For farmland after 1 year of ripening and harvesting, it is necessary to carry out deep plowing or deep plowing as soon as possible. 2 deep plowing depth. The depth of ploughing differs depending on the conditions of ploughing tools and soil, and should be determined according to local conditions and reasonably determined. The general tillage depth is appropriate for 20-22cm, where the condition can be deepened to 25-28cm, and the depth of deep tillage can be 30cm. 3 deep plowing aftereffect. Deep plowing has obvious aftereffects, generally up to 2-3 years. Therefore, the same plot can be plowed once every 2-3 years. (2) 耙耱ä¿å¢’ Earthworms are a type of farming technique that is carried out on the surface of the soil after cultivation. The main role of earthworms is to break up the soil and make the ground flat, resulting in a virtual layer on the tillage layer to facilitate the conservation of crops and the emergence of crops. 1 time. He is mainly in autumn and spring. After the wheat field is harvested, the leisure field is generally not ploughed after being planted. The purpose of the field is to store rain, dry grass, and ripen the soil. However, after the beginning of autumn, the rainfall has obviously decreased. From the beginning of autumn to the fall of autumn, after each rain, when the ground is grayed out, it is necessary to smash it once to remove the ground panel knots and rain. Generally speaking, it is necessary to repeatedly carry out many cross-cuts, cross-cutting, smooth-cutting, cross-cutting, cross-cutting operations, and strive to make the land clear and smooth, so as to form a “cultivation layer with a virtual reality†and to ensure timely preservation in autumn. Seedlings create good soil moisture conditions. After autumn crops are harvested, they must be ploughed and hoeed to prevent the soil from running. The period of returning the soil to thawing in early spring is also an important period for flood protection. When the soil is thawed to a depth of 3–4cm, when the night is frozen, it is necessary to top the soil. After each layer of the soil is removed, a series of crucibles are strung in a crisscross pattern to cut off the capillary water operation and evaporate the soil moisture after defrosting. The loss is reduced to a minimum. Before the sowing, we also often carry out hoeing operations to remove the compaction, loosen the surface layer, reduce the evaporation of soil moisture, increase the permeability, increase the temperature, and facilitate timely sowing and emergence of crops. The depth of 2 inches. The depth of flaws varies according to purpose. In early spring, it is better to keep the oysters at depths of 3-5cm. The depth of the cockroach is generally 5-8cm, but the depth of the first cockroach is at least 8-10cm. A few days before sowing, the depth should not exceed the depth of sowing, so as to avoid excessive loss of moisture and affect seed germination. (3) Repression Repression is generally a kind of drought protection measures taken when soil moisture is insufficient. The occurrence of a very thin layer of crushed soil after repression is the best time to use repression measures. The soil is too dry or too wet to be used. If the soil is too dry or repressed on sandy soils, it will not only be unrealistic, but will be looser and more likely to cause wind erosion. When the soil moisture is too high, it will be suppressed and the soil will collapse. In addition, saline-alkali land is easy to return to salinity after repression, and it should not be suppressed. 1Before broadcast, crack down after sowing. Before sowing, the soil moisture is poor, and the surface layer of dry soil is too thick. After sowing, the seeds are not easy to germinate or germinate well. In particular, small seeds are not easily in close contact with the soil. When sufficient water is not available, repression is needed to make the soil lower layer. The moisture moves along the capillary to the sowing layer to facilitate seed germination. 2 winter suppression. In the winter, the ground is too much and too much to run through. After the soil begins to freeze, it will be repressed in winter and the ground will be crushed to make the crushed soil more closely cover the ground in order to facilitate the freezing of the entanglements and the preservation of the maggots. (4) cultivator Intertillage refers to the soil cultivation that is carried out during the crop's growth, such as depression, depression, shoveling, and depression. 1 cultivator time. The cultivator can be carried out before the rain, after the rain, when the ground is dry, and when the ground is wet. It can also be determined based on the weeds in the field and the growth of the crop. 2 cultivating depth. The depth of the cultivator should be based on the growth of the crop roots. In the seedling stage, the crops are small and the roots are shallow. The cultivator is too deep to move seedlings and bury the seedlings. When the seedlings grow up, the roots extend to the depths, but they have not extended to the surroundings. Therefore, deep cultivating should be carried out at this time. Scrape a small amount of roots to stimulate growth and development of most root systems. When the crop roots extend laterally, deeper cultivators will cause excessive root damage and affect crop growth. Especially when the weather is dry, the crops will be withered and cultivated. It should not be too deep. Therefore, in the long-term production practice, it is concluded that the experience of “shallow depth, deep depth, and three-time earth-breaking does not hurt the rootâ€. (5) supporting technology The first is to use good breeds. According to local conditions, drought resistant varieties should be selected and sowing should be done at the right time; second, scientific fertilization should be applied. Combine deep plowing with sufficient organic fertilizer to increase manure over 4.5 cubic meters. According to the soil fertility status and crop yield levels, determine the reasonable amount of fertilizer and the proportion of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizers; the third is a reasonable rotation.
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