This type of product showcases various common models of aluminum alloy cylinder barrels, such as SC/DNC/SISU/SDA/CP96/DSBC/ADN/ADVU, etc. It provides a detailed introduction to the characteristics and specifications of these products, as well as the standards and tolerance ranges for manufacturing these products in our factory.Air Cylinder Tube. The pneumatic aluminum cylinder is a crucial component in pneumatic systems, commonly employed in pneumatic actuators like cylinders. The primary function of the pneumatic aluminum cylinder is to act as a guide for piston movement and to withstand the pressure of the internal gas. Below is some basic information about pneumatic aluminum cylinder barrels: 1. Materials: Aluminum alloy: Known for its lightweight, corrosion resistance, and excellent processing characteristics, aluminum alloy is extensively employed in the manufacture of Pneumatic Cylinder barrels. 2. Features: Lightweight: Compared to steel cylinders, aluminum alloy cylinders are lighter, contributing to a reduction in the overall system's weight. ·Corrosion resistance: A dense oxide film forms on the aluminum surface, offering superior corrosion resistance. 3. Good processability: Easily processed into a variety of shapes and sizes. ·Cost effectiveness: The relatively low cost makes aluminum cylinder barrels a preferred choice in many applications. 4. Applications: Pneumatic aluminum cylinder tubes are extensively utilized in industrial automation equipment, mechanical devices, and the automotive industry, among other precision-controlled settings. 5. Considerations: Sealing: Ensure proper sealing between the cylinder and piston to prevent gas leakage. Wear resistance: Although aluminum alloy possesses inherent wear resistance, in certain high-load or high-speed applications, additional measures may be necessary to enhance its wear resistance. Temperature limitations: It is essential to consider the temperature range of the operating environment to avoid exceeding the material's operational limits. Air Cylinder Tube,Air Cylinder Tubing,Air Cylinder Barrel,Air Cylinder Pipe Foshan Weiyingjia Technology Co., Ltd , https://www.wyspneumatic.com
1. The meaning of the model The type of wire and cable and power cable used in electrical equipment is mainly composed of the following seven parts:
Some special wire and cable models finally have derivative codes.
The meanings of the letters in the most commonly used wire and cable models are described below:
1) Category, Application Code A - Installation Line B - Insulated Cable C - Marine Cable K - Control Cable N - Agricultural Cable R - Cord U - Mining Cable Y - Moving Cable JK - Insulated Aerial Cable M - ZR for Coal Mines Flame retardant NH-refractory ZA-A grade flame retardant ZB-B grade flame retardant ZC-C grade flame retardant WD-low smoke zero halogen type 2) Conductor code T-copper wire (slightly) L-aluminum core 3) Insulation Layer code V—PVC plastic YJ—XLPE insulation X—Eraser Y—Polyethylene material F—PTFE 4) Protective layer code V-PVC sleeve Y-polyethylene material N-nylon sheath P-copper braid weave shield P2 - Copper tape shield L - Cotton yarn weaving wax Q - Lead package 5) Character code B - Flat type R - Soft C - Heavy duty Q - Light weight G - High pressure H - S-twist for electric welding machine 6) Armour layer Code 2—Double Steel Strip 3—Thin Round Wire 4—Round Round Wire 7) Outer Sheath Code 1—Fiber Layer 2—PVC Sheath 3—PE Sheath 2 Models of the Most Commonly Used Electrical Equipment Wires and Cables and Power Cables VV - copper core PVC insulated PVC sheathed power cable VLV - aluminum core PVC insulated PVC sheathed power cable YJV22 - copper core crosslinked polyethylene insulated steel tape armored PVC sheathed power cable KVV-PVC insulation PVC protection Control cable 227IEC01 (BV)—BV for short, general purpose single-core hard conductor non-sheathed cable 227IEC02 (RV)—Abbreviated as RV, general purpose single-core soft conductor non-sheathed cable 227IEC10 (BVV)—BV for short, light polyvinyl chloride Sheathed cable 227IEC52 (RVV) - RVV for short, light PVC sheathed cord 227IEC53 (RVV) - RVV for short, common PVC sheathed cord BV - Copper-core PVC insulated cord BVR - copper core polychlorinated Ethylene insulated flexible cable BVVB-copper core PVC insulated PVC sheathed flat cable JKLYJ-XLPE insulated overhead cable YC, YCW-heavy duty rubber sheathed flexible cable YZ, YZW-medium type rubber sheathed flexible cable YQ, YQW - Light rubber sheathed flexible cable YH—Electric welding machine cable 3. Specifications and specifications are composed of rated voltage, number of cores and nominal cross section.
The general rated voltages of wires and control cables are 300/300V, 300/500V, 450/750V;
The rated voltage of medium and low voltage power cables is generally 0.6/1kv, 1.8/3kv, 3.6/6kv, 6/6(10)KV, 8.7/10(15)kv, 12/20kv, 18/20(30)kv, 21 /35kv, 26/35kv and so on.
The number of cores of wires and cables is determined according to actual needs. The general power cables are mainly 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 cores, and the wires are also mainly 1 to 5 cores. The control cables have 1 to 61 cores.
The nominal section is an approximation of the cross section of the guidance body. In order to achieve the specified DC resistance, it is convenient to memorize and define an integer value of a conductor near the cross section. China's uniform conductor cross-section has 0.5,0.75,1,1.5,2.5,4,6,10,16,25,35,50,70,95,120,150,185,240,300,400,500, 630, 800, 1000, 1200, and so on. It is emphasized here that the nominal cross-section of the conductor is not the actual cross-section of the conductor. Many of the actual cross-sections of the conductor are smaller than the nominal cross-section and several are larger than the nominal cross-section. In the actual production process, as long as the conductor's DC resistance can meet the specified requirements, it can be said that the section of the cable is up to standard.
4. Standard numbering Most of the countries and industries we produce now have clear standards and the main purpose is of course to make design and use uniform. Here I mainly introduce several wire and cable standard numbers related to our products.
1) GB5023-1997 PVC insulated cable with rated voltage of 450/750V and below 2) JB8734-1998 PVC insulated cable with rated voltage of 450/750V and below 2) GB5013-1997 rated voltage of 450/750V and below Rubber Insulated Cables 3) GB/T12706-2002 Extruded Insulated Power Cables and Accessories Rated Voltage 1kV to 35kV 4) GB/T 9330-1988 Plastics Insulated Control Cables 5. Examples a) VV-0.6/13 x 150 + 1 x 70 GB/T12706 .2-2002
Copper core PVC insulated PVC sheathed power cable with rated voltage of 0.6/1kv, 3+1 cores, nominal cross-section of main core 150mm2, and cross-section of the fourth core 70mm2.
b) BVVB-450/750V2×1.5JB8734.2-1998
Copper core PVC insulated PVC sheathed flat cable, rated voltage 450/750v, 2 cores, conductor nominal cross section 1.5mm2.
c) YJLV22-8.7/103×120GB/T12706.3-2002
Aluminum core cross-linked polyethylene insulated steel tape armored PVC sheathed power cable, rated voltage 8.7/10kv, 3-core, the nominal cross-section of the main core is 120mm2.
Fourth, the main cable material 1, copper wire:
The electrolytic copper is used as raw material, and the copper wire made by the continuous casting and rolling process is called low-oxygen copper wire; the copper wire made by the up-draft method is called oxygen-free copper wire.
The oxygen content of the oxygen-free copper wire is 100 to 250 ppm, the copper content is 99.9 to 9.95%, and the conductivity is 100 to 101%.
The oxygen-free copper wire has an oxygen content of 4 to 20 ppm, a copper content of 99.96 to 9.99%, and a conductivity of 102%.
The specific gravity of copper is 8.9 g/cm3.
2, aluminum wire:
Aluminum wires used as wires are annealed and softened. Aluminum wires used for cables generally do not have to be softened.
The resistivity of aluminum for wire and cable is required to be 0.028264 Ω.mm2/m, and the specific gravity of aluminum is 2.703 g/cm3.
3, polyvinyl chloride (PVC):
PVC plastic is based on polyvinyl chloride resin, mixed with a variety of ingredients, such as antioxidants, antioxidants, fillers, brighteners, flame retardants, etc., and its density is 1.38 ~ 1.46g/cm3 about.
PVC material features:
Excellent mechanical properties, chemical resistance, non-flammability, good weather resistance, good electrical insulation, easy processing, etc.
Disadvantages of PVC materials:
1 There is a large amount of toxic smoke emitted when burning;
2 poor thermal aging performance.
PVC is divided into insulating material and sheath material.
4, polyethylene (PE):
Polyethylene is produced by the polymerization of refined ethylene and can be classified into low density polyethylene (LDPE), medium density polyethylene (MDPE), and high density polyethylene (HDPE) according to density.
The density of low density polyethylene is generally 0.91~0.925g/cm3; the density of medium density polyethylene is generally 0.925~0.94g/cm3; the density of high density polyethylene is generally 0.94~0.97g/cm3.
The advantages of polyethylene material:
1 high insulation resistance and withstand voltage strength;
2 In a wider frequency band, the dielectric constant ε and dielectric loss tangent tgδ are small;
3 rich in flexibility, good wear resistance;
4 heat aging resistance, low temperature performance and good chemical stability;
5 good water resistance, low moisture absorption;
6 The cable made with it is lightweight and easy to use.
Disadvantages of polyethylene material:
1 Flammable when in contact with flame;
2 softening temperature is low.
5, cross-linked polyethylene (XLPE):
There are mainly two types of cross-linked polyethylene used in the cable industry. One is silane crosslinker, called silane crosslinker, mainly used in the insulating layer of low voltage wire and cable. The other is a cross-linked polyethylene material with dicumyl peroxide (DCP) as a cross-linking agent, which is mainly composed of polyethylene, a cross-linking agent and an antioxidant. Mainly used in the middle and high voltage cable insulation layer, the higher the insulation pressure rating, the higher the purity required.
DCP is a peroxide, and the higher the temperature, the faster the decomposition, and the decomposition of which will catalyze the crosslinking of polyethylene. DCP also decomposes at room temperature, but the decomposition rate is very slow, but heating to a certain temperature (when the temperature exceeds 125°C) will rapidly decompose.
Silane crosslinkers also have the same properties, but it also requires water as an aid to complete the grafting reaction. There are two main types of silane cross-linked polyethylene on the market. One is a one-step method and the other is a two-step method (this is different from the academic name for silane cross-linking). The one-step insulation material is pre-mixed with the cross-linking agent and catalyst, and is also called copolymer material. The two-step method is divided into A material and B material. Mix A and B materials before production. The one-step method has a short material storage time. The two-step material is separated from the catalyst material, so the storage time is longer, but the mixed material must be used immediately. In addition, carbon black masterbatch can also be added in the silane cross-linking material to play a role in weather resistance and is used in insulated overhead cable products.
Cross-linked polyethylene material advantages:
The electrical properties are also superior to those of polyethylene; its mechanical properties are better than that of polyethylene, so its application is broader than that of polyethylene. The softening temperature is higher than that of PVC, and the normal operating temperature of the cable can reach 90°C.
The disadvantages are difficult processing and burning.
V. Product quality requirements, common problems and solutions in the process The product quality requirements, common problems and solutions in the company's processes are detailed in the “Procedures for Inspection of Processes†and “Operation and Safety Regulations for Each Equipment†issued by the company. .
As the operator of each position must master the relevant knowledge of this operation position. By gaining experience in practice, you become a qualified operator.
VI. Inspection and Measurement 1) The Importance of Testing The following is a discussion of the importance of testing.
For the enterprise, the quality of the product is the root of the company's reputation and marketing. Wire and cable product quality is mainly composed of several major factors? In summary, there are five major factors: raw materials, equipment, processes, manufacturing technologies, and inspections. Everyone often hears this: Product quality is manufactured, not tested. This is actually a typical Chinese philosopher's philosophy. In fact, product quality manufacturing technology is fundamental, and inspection is the key. Judging from the five major factors, whether the raw materials are good or not, whether they are processed according to the process requirements, whether there are quality problems in the manufacturing processes, and whether the final products can meet the requirements are determined by inspection personnel and operators according to the corresponding standards. .
Our factory inspection mainly has three links. The first is raw material inspection, the second is process inspection, and the third is finished product inspection. Do not think that inspection is the matter of inspection personnel. In fact, the process inspection is divided into two parts. One is the inspector's inspection of the semi-finished products in the production process. The other important link is the self-inspection and mutual inspection conducted by the operator. The inspector may only check the surface phenomenon. The operator's self-checking and mutual inspection are the fundamental guarantees of product quality. If the operator finds quality problems during the production process, he or she can immediately determine the quality of the problem. If the judgment fails, he or she can ask the inspector or related technical personnel to perform the assessment. Therefore, a qualified operator must not only be skilled in operating the equipment, but also be familiar with the quality requirements of the products to be produced, and whether the quality of the products will meet the process requirements.
Of course, the products that have quality problems in production must be strictly examined. From small to large, from light to heavy, there is a complete set of assessment methods. Otherwise, the role of all inspection work will be weakened, and even the role of product quality control can not be achieved.
2) Tools commonly used for measuring outer diameter and thickness commonly used in measuring tools include micrometer, vernier caliper, and projector;
Commonly used tools for measuring length are vernier caliper, ring ruler, ruler, tape measure, mechanical meter, electronic meter meter, etc.;
Commonly used temperature measurement tools are thermometers, thermocouple thermometers, etc.
The measuring instruments commonly used by our company include electronic files, multimeters, vacuum pressure gauges, barometers, ammeters, voltmeters, and tachometers.
3) Basic measurement methods Circular Conductor Size Measurement Using Tools: Outside Micrometer or Vernier Caliper Measurement Procedure:
(1) Measurement of round conductor diameter and f-value Take a sample of about 1 m, straighten the wire sample, and on the same section perpendicular to the sample axis,
Measured in the direction perpendicular to each other, can get D1 and D2, such measurements in the two ends of the sample and the middle of a total of three measurements; get 6 data, take the average.
D average = (D1 + D2 + ... + D6) / 6
(2) The value of f is the roundness of the conductor. The value of f is defined as the difference between the maximum and minimum readings measured on the same section. According to the above measurement results, the largest difference between the diameters measured on the three sections is taken as the f-value.
2. Insulation Thickness and Sheath Thickness Measurement Using Tool: Measuring Projector Measurement Procedure:
(1) Production;
(2) Measure the thinnest point of the test piece as the first measurement point;
(3) When the test piece is circular, measure 6 points along the circumference of the test piece as much as possible, as shown in Figure 4-1.
(4) When the inner surface of the test piece is a stranded core wire mark, the thickness at each point shall be measured at the thinnest part of the groove at the in-line trace as shown in Figure 4-2. Measure 6 points along the circumference of the test piece as much as possible. .
(5) The fan core should measure 6 points as shown in Figure 4-3.
The measurement results and the calculation of the average thickness δ of each sample are expressed by the arithmetic average of the measured values ​​at each point of the test piece.
δ=(δ1+δ2+δ3+δ4+δ5+δ6)/6
Here we must pay special attention to: the so-called insulation thickness of the sample, the average thickness of the sample. In the product standard, the insulation thickness is generally not less than the nominal value of the insulation thickness specified in the standard, that is, the average value of the insulation thickness measured according to the above method can not be less than the nominal value. The maximum or minimum value in an individual value cannot be considered as the insulation thickness.
The average value and the thinnest point are two different indicators. You cannot ignore any one of them. In the meantime, these two indicators meet the requirements of the standard at the same time. The product is considered qualified. If any of the indicators fails to meet the requirements, it cannot be considered qualified.
The above is a standard measurement method, but it is not so complicated in the production process.
The operator peels the skin of the insulation or sheath during actual measurement, and measures the thinnest point and the thickest point with a micrometer or a vernier card, and then takes the average thickness. When the thickness is made thinner and the judgment is difficult, the above method is used for the final determination. There are also frequent measurements during online production to determine that there is no change in the thickness of the production process, which is mainly calculated by measuring the outer diameter and cable core diameter. This kind of data can sometimes be too much error, so it should be Peel during production and the data measured on the cross section shall prevail.
3. Pitch measurement using tools: caliper or tape measure steps:
(1) Cover a conductor with a piece of paper, and mark it with a pencil. Or directly on the conductor surface number. Several strands of twisted conductor or insulated core are counted and measured on the longitudinal axis. 
Wire and cable method
The wire and cable indication method is mainly composed of three parts: model, specification, and standard number.