Mechanism of action of pyrite and xanthate or double xanthate

  Pyrite and galena different flotation under normal conditions, the reaction is mainly dixanthogen. However, in addition to the double xanthate on the surface of the pyrite, there are other products. There are different opinions: one extreme view is that only the double xanthate, there is nothing else, this fact is tested by infrared spectroscopy and inferred by thermodynamics. However, since the spectrum of iron xanthate and double xanthate is difficult to distinguish, the proof of infrared spectroscopy is not certain; another extreme view is that it is mainly iron xanthate, no double xanthate; the third is transition view, e.g., pyrite surface was considered dixanthogen addition, a small amount (about 5%) the presence of metal xanthates. In addition, according to the solubility determination of dixanthate and metal xanthate in ether, it is believed that 50 % of xanthate is chemically adsorbed and floats. Some people think that the ratio of "chemical adsorption of xanthate" to "dual xanthate" varies with the specific conditions of dosage and medium. At present, the above various views are still in dispute. It is inferred from thermodynamics that xanthate and pyrite act as stable products in the presence of aerobic conditions. Electrochemical reaction kinetics also believe that the formation of double xanthate is a rapid response, therefore, the view of double xanthate is more reasonable. However, the view that there may be a “chemical adsorption of xanthate” that is difficult to measure on a single layer of mineral surface cannot be denied. This is because the applied thermodynamic data is only suitable for "body phase" and does not necessarily apply to surface phases. Further, since the measurement is different from the surface method due to the difference in the sample conditions, it is difficult to match the data such as the measured single layer adsorption amount.
It has also been suggested that the surface of the pyrite is first oxidized to form iron hydroxide, and the xanthogen ion reacts with the surface iron hydroxide to form a double xanthate, and then physical adsorption, the reaction is:

2Fe(OH) ₃ + 2X ^- + 6H ⁺ → X ₂ + 2Fe ³⁺ 十 6H ₂ O

     Others believe that the formation of a small amount of iron xanthate on the surface is the premise of the adsorption of xanthate; some people think that the oxygen on the surface of pyrite plays a catalytic role in the oxidation of xanthate.

Positive Centralizer

Positive Straight Bow Casing Centralizer

1. Type: Positive, straight bow casing centralizer

2. Materials: Carbon steel, alloy steel, or others as required

3. Standards: API, or others as required

4. Specifications: 4 1/2''---20'', or others as required